Calculating Emissions for a Routing with a Factor-based Approach
Factor-based calculation approaches contain factors for emission calculation. Users have to enter their own consumption data. Default values for consumptions are provided in this use case description. PTV xRoute offers the following factor-based approaches:
- CEN 2012 - Emission calculation according to the European CEN standard (EN16258) prepares you to meet the legal requirements of the European Union. You can verify your emission totals or their development or specifically compensate for them.
- CEN ISO 14083 2023: Emission calculation according to the European CEN standard (ISO14083).
- CO2 Decree France 2011 (deprecated) - Since the second half of 2013, all commercial transports (trucks, taxis, ships, trains, etc.) starting or ending in France have to report their CO2 emissions. In other words, a company carrying out a transport from or to France has to report their emissions. These emissions can be calculated with PTV xRoute Server in accordance with the Decree 2011-1336.
- CO2e Decree France 2017 - Since the second half of 2013, all commercial transports (trucks, taxis, ships, trains, etc.) starting or ending in France have to report their CO2e emissions. In other words, a company carrying out a transport from or to France has to report their emissions. These emissions can be calculated with PTV xRoute Server in accordance with the Decree 2017-639.
- UK DEFRA 2014 - Emission calculation according to the DEFRA 2014.These emission factors are suitable for the use on UK operations. This procedure is obsolete and has been superseded by ISO 14083 and CEN 2012 for the calculation of CO2e. For the standard-compliant calculation of CO2e, this procedure should not be implemented in new projects/products.
- Australia NGA 2015 - Emission calculation for transports in Australia have to be in accordance with the National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) factors published by the Australian government.
In this use case description you see how calculations with these standards can be performed. A general overview of emission calculation with PTV xServer can be found here:How to calculate emissions for a routing. Emission calculation with comprehensive approaches is described here: How to calculate emissions with comprehensive approaches.
Concept CEN 2012
Published in december 2012, the CEN standard provides for a common approach and frame- work for the calculation and declaration of energy consumption and emissions for transport services irrespective of the level of complexity. The standard includes standardised procedures for calculating emissions for the transport of individual consignments and partial loads and methods for determining data for sub- contractors.
The correct vehicle
The term vehicle describes what is being routed or planned for. Vehicles are used in route calculation, distance matrix calculation and effectively also in tour planning. In route calculation, vehicle properties like overall size, weight and speed are in focus. In tour planning, it is vehicle properties like capacity and availability.
Commonly a vehicle is motorized, like a truck - including its trailer or a car. However also a bike or even a pedestrian are included in this definition. class has to be determined by setting the AVERAGE_FUEL_CONSUMPTION in the list of VehicleParameters. The following table gives an overview of the vehicle classes used by the CEN 2012 and their average fuel consumption:
| Vehicle Type | Energy | Unit | Volume goods | Average goods | Bulk goods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lorry (less than 7.5t GVW) | Diesel | l/tkm | 0.140 | 0.078 | 0.063 |
| Lorry (7.5-12t GVW) | Diesel | l/tkm | 0.108 | 0.061 | 0.050 |
| Lorry (12-24t GVW) | Diesel | l/tkm | 0.063 | 0.036 | 0.029 |
| Lorry (24-40t GVW) | Diesel | l/tkm | 0.038 | 0.023 | 0.020 |
Concept French CO2e Decree
VehicleIn this context the term vehicle is used to describe what is being routed for. Commonly this will be a motorized vehicle like a truck including its trailer or a car. However also a bike or a pedestrian are included in this definition. parameters for the French CO2e decree
Emission calculation according to the French CO2e decree uses various calculation factors for the average fuel consumption of a vehicleIn this context the term vehicle is used to describe what is being routed for. Commonly this will be a motorized vehicle like a truck including its trailer or a car. However also a bike or a pedestrian are included in this definition.. Therefore the vehicle classes used for the French CO2e decree do not fit the HBEFA vehicle classes.
The correct vehicle class has to be determined by setting the AVERAGE_FUEL_CONSUMPTION in the list of VehicleParameters. The following table gives an overview of the vehicle classes used by the French CO2e decree and their average fuel consumption:
| Vehicle type | Number of transported units | Rate of fuel consumption (l/100km) |
|---|---|---|
| 3.5-ton (gross vehicle weight) light commercial vehicle - Express (letters, errands) | 0,26 t | 16 |
| 3.5-ton (gross vehicle weight) light commercial vehicle - Express (parcels) | 0,46 t | 16 |
| 3.5-ton (gross vehicle weight) light commercial vehicle - Express (parcels) | 0,46 t | 16 |
| 19-ton (gross vehicle weight) delivery vehicle - Express | 2,5 t | 27 |
| 40-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Express courier service | 6 t | 34,2 |
| 19-ton (gross vehicle weight) delivery vehicle - Express courier service | 2,5 t | 27 |
| 40-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Express courier service (refrigeration) | 7,1 t | 34,2 |
| 19-ton (gross vehicle weight) delivery vehicle - Express courier service (refrigeration) | 3,3 t | 27 |
| 7.5-ton (gross vehicle weight) delivery vehicle - Miscellaneous goods | 0,9 t | 22 |
| 12-ton (gross vehicle weight) delivery vehicle - Miscellaneous goods | 1,8 t | 24 |
| 26-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Large volume | 6 t | 30,5 |
| 35-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Car carrier | 6 t | 37 |
| 40-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Miscellaneous goods/long distance goods | 12,5 t | 34,2 |
| 40-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Miscellaneous goods/regional goods | 12,5 t | 33,8 |
| 40-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Large volume | 12,5 t | 37,9 |
| 40-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - With reefer | 12,5 t | 33,2 |
| 40-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Public work dump truck | 12,5 t | 42,7 |
| 40-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Grain dump truck | 12,5 t | 40,5 |
| 40-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Container carrier | 12,5 t | 37,3 |
| 40-ton (gross vehicle weight) articulated vehicle - Tanker | 12,5 t | 35,3 |
| 8 cubic meters box wagon - Removal truck | 2,8 m³ | 16 |
| 45 cubic meters delivery vehicle - Removal truck | 15,8 m³ | 27 |
| 90 cubic meters articulated vehicle - Removal truck | 31,5 m³ | 34,2 |
Concept UK DEFRA
Vehicle parameters for UK DEFRA
Emission calculation according to the UK DEFRA uses various calculation factors for the average fuel consumption of a vehicle. Therefore the vehicle classes used for the UK DEFRA do not fit the HBEFA vehicle classes.
The correct vehicle class has to be determined by setting the AVERAGE_FUEL_CONSUMPTION in the list of VehicleParameters. The following table gives an overview of the vehicle classes and their average fuel consumption. The consumptions were determined by the Department of Transports in the UK. As AVERAGE_FUEL_CONSUMPTION value please take the "rate of fuel consumption liter per 100km". Miles per gallon are just given as orientation.
| Rate of Fuel Consumption | Rate of Fuel Consumption | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicle Type | Vehicle Weight | Miles per gallon | Liter per 100km |
| Rigids | Over 3.5t to 7.5t | 13,4 | 21,08 |
| Over 7.5t to 14t | 11,5 | 24,56 | |
| Over 14t to 17t | 10,4 | 27,16 | |
| Over 17t to 25t | 9,4 | 30,05 | |
| Over 25t | 6,2 | 45,56 | |
| Artics | Over 3.5t to 33t | 9,0 | 31,39 |
| Over 33t | 7,7 | 36,69 |
Concept ISO 14083 2023
For GASOLINE and DIESEL, an arbitrary bioFuelRatio is supported.
For dual fuels like CNG_GASOLINE or LPG_GASOLINE, a dualFuelRatio is supported.
For engine type HYBRID, an arbitrary hybridRatio is supported.
For the following factors, ETHANOL refers to GASOLINE with bioFuelRatio 100%.
As the ISO standard specifies that "Users should also check whether official sources have updated their values, so the most current values for an official data source can be applied", PTV provides different versions of the factors which can be selected using the EmissionValueFactorsVersion_ISO14083_2023 enumeration. We recommend to specify 'LATEST' to always get the latest available factors without having to adapt the xRoute request with each and every new version.
European conversion factors
Here are the European factors for the calculation of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (calculated as CO2-equivalents) in accordance with ISO 14083:2023 (TTW: tank to wheel, WTW: well to wheel). Factors from: Ecoinvent 3.8 ; JEC 2020 ; ifeu, infras, Fraunhofer IML 2022
| Fuel Type | Energy Consumption TTW (g CO2e/MJ) | Energy Consumption WTW (g CO2e/MJ) | CO2e emissions TTW (kg CO2e/kg) | CO2e emissions WTW (kg CO2e/kg) |
| GASOLINE | 75.1 | 90.1 | 3.19 | 3.83 |
| ETHANOL | 0.3 | 48.2 | 0.01 | 1.30 |
| DIESEL | 74.1 | 87.3 | 3.17 | 3.74 |
| BIO-DIESEL | 4.1 | 38.3 | 0.15 | 1.42 |
| LIQUEFIED_PETROLEUM_GAS | 67.1 | 81.6 | 3.05 | 3.71 |
| COMPRESSED_NATURAL_GAS | 56.6 | 72.7 | 2.79 | 3.58 |
| LIQUEFIED_NATURAL_GAS | 57.9 | 75.5 | 2.84 | 3.71 |
| ELECTRICITY | NA | 97 | NA | NA |
North American conversion factors
Here are the North American factors for the calculation of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (calculated as CO2-equivalents) in accordance with ISO 14083:2023 (TTW: tank to wheel, WTW: well to wheel). Factors from: GREET 2021 ; USEPA eGRID Tables 2021
| Fuel Type | Energy Consumption TTW (g CO2e/MJ) | Energy Consumption WTW (g CO2e/MJ) | CO2e emissions TTW (kg CO2e/kg) | CO2e emissions WTW (kg CO2e/kg) |
| GASOLINE | 73.0 | 90.2 | 3.04 | 3.76 |
| ETHANOL | 0.3 | 55.6 | 0.01 | 1.49 |
| DIESEL | 75.0 | 90.5 | 3.20 | 3.86 |
| BIO-DIESEL | 4.1 | 20.6 | 0.15 | 0.78 |
| LIQUEFIED_PETROLEUM_GAS | 64.8 | 78.5 | 3.02 | 3.66 |
| COMPRESSED_NATURAL_GAS | 56.8 | 73.7 | 2.67 | 3.47 |
| LIQUEFIED_NATURAL_GAS | 57.0 | 76.7 | 2.77 | 3.72 |
| ELECTRICITY | NA | 118 | NA | NA |
European conversion factors
Here are the European factors for the calculation of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (calculated as CO2-equivalents) in accordance with ISO 14083:2023 (TTW: tank to wheel, WTW: well to wheel). Factors from: Ecoinvent 3.9.1 ; JEC 2020 modified ; ifeu, infras, Fraunhofer IML 2022
| Fuel Type | Energy Consumption TTW (g CO2e/MJ) | Energy Consumption WTW (g CO2e/MJ) | CO2e emissions TTW (kg CO2e/kg) | CO2e emissions WTW (kg CO2e/kg) |
| GASOLINE | 75.1 | 99.1 | 3.19 | 4.21 |
| ETHANOL | 0.02 | 47.9 | 0.0005 | 1.29 |
| DIESEL | 74.1 | 96.6 | 3.17 | 4.13 |
| BIO-DIESEL | 0.05 | 34.3 | 0.002 | 1.27 |
| LIQUEFIED_PETROLEUM_GAS | 67.1 | 90.3 | 3.05 | 4.11 |
| COMPRESSED_NATURAL_GAS | 55.2 | 77.8 | 2.71 | 3.83 |
| LIQUEFIED_NATURAL_GAS | 56.5 | 81.1 | 2.77 | 3.98 |
| ELECTRICITY | NA | 97 | NA | NA |
North American conversion factors
Here are the North American factors for the calculation of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (calculated as CO2-equivalents) in accordance with ISO 14083:2023 (TTW: tank to wheel, WTW: well to wheel). Factors from: GREET 2022 ; USEPA eGRID Tables 2021
| Fuel Type | Energy Consumption TTW (g CO2e/MJ) | Energy Consumption WTW (g CO2e/MJ) | CO2e emissions TTW (kg CO2e/kg) | CO2e emissions WTW (kg CO2e/kg) |
| GASOLINE | 73.0 | 90.5 | 3.04 | 3.78 |
| ETHANOL | 0.3 | 51.5 | 0.01 | 1.39 |
| DIESEL | 75.7 | 91.4 | 3.22 | 3.89 |
| BIO-DIESEL | 0.8 | 22.0 | 0.03 | 0.83 |
| LIQUEFIED_PETROLEUM_GAS | 64.8 | 78.5 | 3.02 | 3.66 |
| COMPRESSED_NATURAL_GAS | 57.4 | 74.6 | 2.70 | 3.51 |
| LIQUEFIED_NATURAL_GAS | 57.6 | 76.9 | 2.80 | 3.74 |
| ELECTRICITY | NA | 118 | NA | NA |
Programming Guide
The example below shows the calculation of emissions using a factor based approach of the route A route corresponds to a path of a vehicle through the underlying transport network. The main attributes of a route are the distance and the time that the vehicle travels along the path. using the JavaScript bindings to the xRoute API: